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EA:  ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

Status: STD 2005/06/07
Code: 321
Concept definition: The type of an ecosystem in the Global Ecosystem Framework based on a combination of land cover, floristic properties, climate, and physiognomy; ecosystem type Olson.
 
Attribute value type: ENUMERATION
Reference type: IR
Reference: [GEF1]
Supplemental references:  
Enumerants (presented in a natural order)
Status Attribute label Enumerant label ▾ Concept definition Code Ref type Reference Supplemental references
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON LAND_WATER_RIVER Comprised of alluvial mix, <RIVER>, and <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water river. Dominant taxa include Ambrosia, Salix, Populus, Acer, Ulmus, and Platanus. 53 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LNDWTR{IVER}: 75 (land/water river)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON LAND_WATER_SHORE Comprised of lake/<WETLAND> with marginal <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water shore. Dominant taxa include plankton, Scirpus, and Typha. 54 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LANDWATRSHRE: 74 (land/water shore)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON LOW_SPARSE_GRASSLAND Comprised of steppe, herb with/without sparse woody <VEGETATION>, having shortgrass/<HUMMOCK> <VEGETATION> and a dry/cold climate; low/sparse grassland. Dominant taxa include Bouteloua, Buchlöe, Stipa, Sporobolus, and Opuntia. 55 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LOWSPRSGRASS: 2 (low/sparse grassland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MANGROVE_FOREST_SCRUB Comprised of <FOREST>/scrub and comprised of tidal flat, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot climate; mangrove forest scrub. Dominant taxa include Rhizophora, Avicenna, and Hibiscus. 56 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MANGROVE: 72 (mangrove forest scrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MARSHY_WETLAND Comprised of graminoid/herb with/without <SHRUB>/<TREE>, having mixed <VEGETATION> and a marine or cold-hot climate; marshy wetland. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Juncus, Scirpus, Salicornia, and Hibiscus with <<<TREED_WETLAND>>>. 57 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MARSWETLAND: 45 (marshy wetland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MEDITERRANEAN_SCRUB-
_LAND		 Comprised of scrub with/without wood/<GRASSLAND>, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a winter rain/dry summer climate; Mediterranean scrub land. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Cercocarpus, Adenostema, Ceanothus, and Baccharis. 58 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MEDITERRANSC: 46 (Mediterranean scrub/wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIRE_BOG_FEN Comprised of sphagnum/graminoid with dwarfshrub, having evergreen/cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; mire bog/fen. Dominant taxa include Sphagnum, Carex, Ledum, Eriophorum, Rhus, and Picea with <<<MIXED_DECID_BOREAL>>>. 59 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIRE:BOGFEN: 44 (mire: bog/fen)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_DECID_BOREAL Comprised of medium-low <FOREST>/woodland (Larix greater than 20 percent), having deciduous-mixed taiga <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; mixed deciduous boreal. Dominant taxa include Larix, Abies, and Pinus siberica. 35 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DECIDUMIXBOR: 61 (mixed deciduous boreal)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_FOREST Comprised of low-medium <FOREST>/woodland, having conifer/broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Liquidambar, Pinus, and Juniperus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_FOREST>>>. 60 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFOREST: 24 (mixed forest/woodland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_FOREST_FIELD Comprised of low-to-tall <FOREST> with/without <CROP_LAND>/<GRASSLAND>, having cold-deciduous with evergreen <VEGETATION> and a with/without <SNOW_PRECIPITATION> climate; mixed forest/field. Mixed forest/field has deciduous and/or evergreen broadleaf <TREE>s and <SHRUB>s alternating with the conifers. Crops and <GRASS>, if any, might cover up to 40-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, but usually much less or none at all. Dominant taxa include Acer, Tilia, Quercus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED_TRACT>>>, Pinus, and Tsuga with <<<CONIFER_BOREAL_FOREST>>>. 61 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFRSTFLD: 18 (mixed forest/field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MOIST_EUCALYPT_FOREST Comprised of medium open Eucalypt <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; moist eucalypt forest. Dominant taxa include Eucalyptus and Acacia. 62 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MOISTEUCALPT: 89 (moist eucalypt forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MONTANE_TROPICAL_COMPLEX Comprised of montane medium-low woods/herbs, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm, wet climate; montane tropical complex. Dominant taxa include Eugenia, Brunellia, Clusia, Castilloa, Tipuana, and Myoxylon. 63 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MONTROPICAL: 28 (montane tropical complex)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON NARROW_CONIFER_MIX Comprised of dense/sparse <TREE>/<SHRUB>/herb, having evergreen/mixed <VEGETATION> and a subpolar/mountain climate; narrow conifer mix. Dominant taxa include Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Juniperus. 64 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type NARROWCONIFR: 62 (narrow conifer mix)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON POLAR_ALPINE_DESERT Comprised of barren <ROCK> and polar/alpine <DESERT_REGION>, having lichen <VEGETATION> and an extreme cold, dry climate. Dominant taxa include Draba, Dryas, Cassiope, Luzula nivalis, and Poa arctica. 65 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type POLALPDESERT: 69 (polar alpine desert)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON RAIN_GREEN_TROPICAL-
_FOREST		 Comprised of medium <FOREST>, closed-open with drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot, moist climate; rain green tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Shorea robusta, Tectonia grandis, and Xylia dolobriformis. 66 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RAINGRNTRFST: 90 (rain green tropical forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON RESIDUAL_DUNES_BEACH Comprised of residual <SAND_DUNE>s with fields, having varied cover <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; residual dunes beach. 67 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RESIDUNEBCH: 84 (residual dune beach)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON RICE_PADDY_FIELD Comprised of plain or terrace paddies, having 1-3 crops per year <VEGETATION> with irrigation; rice paddy/field. Dominant taxa include Oryza sativa (rice), other C4 and/or C3 metabolic type crops, gardens, with/without <TREE>s. 68 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RICEPADDYFLD: 36 (rice: paddy/field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON ROCK_CLIFF_SLOPE Comprised of shore/montane/sparse cover, having varied <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; rock cliff/slope. Dominant taxa include Arctostaphylos, Vaccinium, Juniperus with lichens, and herbs. 69 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type ROCKCLIFFSLP: 86 (rock cliff/slope)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SALT_SODA_PLAYA_BASIN Comprised of saline/soda desert basins, having halophyte dry lake <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; salt-soda playa basin. Dominant taxa include Salicornia, Atriplex, Suedia, Sarcobatus, and Distlichus. 72 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SALTPLAYA: 71 (salt-soda playa basin)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SAND_DESERT Comprised of blowing <SAND_DUNE>s and flats, having patchy oasis seepage <VEGETATION> and a windy climate; sand desert. Dominant taxa include Oryzopsis, Yucca, Artemisia filifolia, and Andropogon. 73 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SANDESERT: 50 (sand desert)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SAND_GRASS_SHRUB Comprised of sandy steppe herb/<SHRUB>, having mixed <VEGETATION> and a dry, hot-cold, windy climate; sand grass/shrub. Dominant taxa include Calamovilfa, Oryzopsis, Redfieldia, Artemisia, and Bouteloua. 74 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SANDGRASSHRB: 87 (sand grass/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SAVANNA_TREED_TRACT Comprised of <GRASSLAND> under open <TREED_TRACT>/<SHRUB> covering 10-30 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having broadleaf/conifer <VEGETATION> and a dry-moist climate; savanna treed tract. Dominant taxa include Paspalum, Andropogon, Vellozia, Mauritia, Tecoma, and Bombax. 75 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SAVANNATREE: 43 (savanna tree/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEASONAL_TROPICAL_FOREST Comprised of medium <FOREST> with/without plantation, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a hot, seasonal moist climate; seasonal tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Ceiba, Tabebuia, Manilkara, Buchenavia, Bombax, and Ocotea. 77 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEASONTROPIC: 29 (seasonal tropical forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEMI_DESERT_SAGE Comprised of <SHRUB>-steppe sparse range, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a cool-cold climate; semi-desert sage. Dominant taxa include Artemisia, Eurotia, Chrysothamnus, and Kochia. 79 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDSRTSAGE: 52 (semidesert sage)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEMI_DESERT_SHRUB Comprised of sparse <SHRUB>s and xerophytes, having mixed green <VEGETATION> and a hot-cool climate; semi-desert shrub. Dominant taxa include Larrea, Fouquieria, Coleogyne, Acacia, and Prosopis. 80 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDSRTSHRB: 51 (semidesert shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEMI_DESERT_SHRUB_TREE Comprised of sparse <SHRUB> with/without herb/<TREE>, having spring/ephemeral green <VEGETATION> and a dry climate; semi-desert shrub/tree. Dominant taxa include Tamarix, Sarcobatus, Carnegia, Grayia, Ephedra, and Sitanion. 78 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDESRTREE: 11 (semidesert shrub/tree)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SHRUB_DECIDUOUS Comprised of sparse-dense <SHRUB>, having cold-deciduous/drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a moist climate. Dominant taxa include Diplacus, Salvia, Encelia, Quercus, Lepechinia, and Rhus. 81 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRBDECDUOUS: 17 shrub deciduous)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SHRUB_EVERGREEN Comprised of sparse <SHRUB> with/without low <TREE>, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot/wet-dry climate. Dominant taxa include Juniperus, Artemisia, Arctostaphylos, and Ilex. 82 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRUBEVERGRN: 16 (shrub evergreen)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SMALL_LEAF_MIXED_TREED-
_TRACT		 Comprised of low-medium taiga-edge/groves, having cold-deciduous with/without conifer <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; small leaf mixed treed tract. Dominant taxa include Betula, Populus, Salix, and Alnus. 83 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SMALFMIXWOOD: 60 (small leaf mix wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SPARSE_DUNE_BUILDER Comprised of varied dunebuilding <PLANT>s, having pioneer <VEGETATION> and blowout <SAND_DUNE>s; sparse dune builder. Dominant taxa include Calamovilfa, Panicum, Andropogon, Populus, and Tilia. 84 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SPRSDUNEBLDR: 82 (sparse dune builder)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SUCCULENT_THORN_SCRUB Comprised of succulent/thorn <SHRUB>/<TREE>, having deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-mild, dry climate; succulent thorn scrub. Dominant taxa include Opuntia, Yucca, Agave, Acacia, Cavanillesia, and Zizyphus. 85 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SUCTHORNSCRB: 59 (succulent thorn scrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON S_HMISPH_CONIFER Comprised of tall-medium rainforest, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a mild-cool climate; southern hemisphere conifer. Dominant taxa include Podocarp and Auraucaria families. 70 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SOHEMISCONIF: 77 (southern hemisphere conifer)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON S_HMISPH_MIXED_FOREST Comprised of medium/tall rainforest with/without conifer, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm climate; southern hemisphere mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Nothofagus, Fitzroya, Persea, and Crinodendron. 71 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SOHEMISMIXFR: 78 (southern hemisphere mixed forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TALLGRASS_HERB_SHRUB Comprised of tall <GRASS> with/without woody/crops, having annual foliage <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; tallgrass herb/shrub. Dominant taxa include Andropogon, Sorghastrum, Panicum, and Prunus. 86 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TALLGRASSHRB: 7 (tallgrass herb/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TREED_SAVANNA Comprised of C4 <GRASS> with woodland/low <FOREST> covering 30-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having deciduous-evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry-wet climate; treed savanna. Dominant taxa include Tristachys, Imperata, Ficus, Chlorophora, and Fragaria. 96 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODYSAVANNA: 91 (woody savanna)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TREED_TUNDRA Comprised of timberline <TREE>/scrub/herb, having evergreen-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; treed tundra. Dominant taxa include Abies lasiocarpa, Picea, Pinus monticola, and Pinus longaeva. 94 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODEDTUNDRA: 63 (wooded tundra/paramo)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TREED_WETLAND Comprised of <TREE>/<SHRUB> over wetland herbs, having evergreen/deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; treed wetland. Dominant taxa include Salix, Acer, Nyssa, Taxodium, Thuja, and Cephelanthus. 95 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODWETSWAMP: 13 (woody wetland swamp)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TROPICAL_DEGRADED_FOREST Comprised of medium-to-low opened <FOREST>/woodland, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot climate; tropical degraded forest. Dominant taxa include Cecropia, Didymopanax, Curatella, and plantations. Tropical degraded forest results from cutting either <<<SEASONAL_TROPICAL_FOREST>>> or <<<TROPICAL_RAINFOREST>>>, with insufficient time for recovery. 87 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TROPDBGRADWD: 34 (tropical degraded wood/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TROPICAL_RAINFOREST Comprised of tall-medium closed, multilayer <FOREST>, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot, wet climate; tropical rainforest. Dominant taxa include Swietena, Bertholletia, Hevea, Dacryodes, Sloanea, and Cordia. 88 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TROPRAINFRST: 33 (tropical rainforest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON UPLAND_TUNDRA Comprised of dwarf-tall herb, <SHRUB>, cushion, having sparse <VEGETATION> and a strong frost, windy climate; upland tundra. Dominant taxa include Kobresia, Poa, and Salix nana. 89 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type UPLNDTNDRA: 9 (upland tundra/paramo)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON URBAN_SUBURBAN Comprised of construction and of lawn with/without <PARK>s, having plantings and weeds <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot climate; urban suburban. Dominant taxa include Poa, Festuca, Cynodon, Ulmus, Populus, and Ailanthus. 90 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type URBAN: 1 (urban, suburban)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON VOLCANIC_ROCK_ASH Comprised of sparse <PLANT>s on lava/ash, having patchy <VEGETATION> and an equatorial-subarctic climate; volcanic rock/ash. Dominant taxa include Pisonia, Psidium, Saccharum, ferns, lichens, and algae. 91 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type VOLCANICROCK: 49 (volcanic rock/ash)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WATER_INLAND Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without emergents, having seasonal blooms <VEGETATION> and a variable climate; water inland. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without emergents. 51 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERINLAND: 14 (water inland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WATER_ISLAND_FRINGE Comprised of submergible and other complex, having successional <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; water island fringe. Dominant taxa include Ipomea, Cocos nucifera, Juniperus, and Acrocaria. 92 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATRISLFRNGE: 73 (water isle fringe)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WATER_SEA Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without kelp and comprised of reefs, having year-round growth <VEGETATION> and a with/without ice climate; water [sea]. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without kelp, and reefs. 76 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERSEA: 15 (water [sea])]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WET_SCLEROPHYL_FOREST Comprised of tall open Eucalypt <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild, wet climate; wet sclerophyl forest. Dominant taxa include Eucalyptus (regnans, obliqua, and diversicolor). 93 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WETSCLEROPHL: 79 (wet sclerophyl forest)]  
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