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Comprised of woody tall <GRASS> <SHRUB>/woods, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a moist-wet, hot-mild climate; bamboo treed tract. Dominant taxa include Bambusa (Asia) and Oxylenanthera (Africa).

1

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BAMBOO: 88 (bamboo wood/scrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

BARE_COAST_DUNE

Comprised of moving/reversible <SAND_DUNE>s, having sparse <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold, dry climate; bare coast dune. Dominant taxa include Cakile, Corispermum, Lathyrus, and Croton. This Olson ecosystem type occurs where the <WIND> limits <VEGETATION> to a small fraction of the land <<AREA>> (for example: less than ten percent over an <<AREA>> of more than one square kilometre).

2

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BARECOASTDUN: 83 (bare coast dune)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

BARE_DESERT

Comprised of ephemeral/sparse xerophytes, having low cover <VEGETATION> and an extreme drought hot-cold climate; bare desert. Dominant taxa include Salsola, Ambrosia, Cordylanthus, Lactuca, and Capparis.

3

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BAREDESERT: 8 (bare desert)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

BARREN_TUNDRA

Comprised of dwarf herb, <SHRUB>, moss, lichen, having variable <VEGETATION> and a cold permafrost climate; barren tundra. Dominant taxa include Oxyria, Alopecuris, Carex, and Eriophorum.

4

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TUNDRABARREN: 53 (tundra barren arctic)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

BEACH_FOREDUNE_SHORELINE

Comprised of low linear <SAND_DUNE>s, having pioneer <VEGETATION> and a wind-swept, storm-swept climate; beach foredune shoreline. Dominant taxa include Uniola, Elymus (Leymus), Ammophila, Andropogon, and Prunus. This Olson ecosystem type is a subtype of <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>> that averages 0 to 3 metres above sea level in a <REGION> with an <<AREA>> of one square kilometre. Beach foredune shoreline can be more specifically separated into <<<SPARSE_DUNE_BUILDER>>>, <<<BARE_COAST_DUNE>>>, <<<RESIDUAL_DUNES_BEACH>>>, <<<COMPOUND_COAST>>>, and/or <<<ROCK_CLIFF_SLOPE>>>.

5

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BEACHFORDUNE: 81 (beach fore-dune)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

BROADLEAF_CROP_LAND

Comprised of leafy rowcrops with/without <GRASS> and comprised of woody <VEGETATION>, having annual tops <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; broadleaf crop land. Dominant taxa include Arachis (peanut), Solanum, Vitis (grape), and Humulus (hop).

6

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BROADLEAFCROP: 92 (broadleaf crops)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COAST_HINTERLAND

Comprised of <BEACH>/<SAND_DUNE>/<ROCK>/slope, having variable <VEGETATION> and a marine climate; coast hinterland. Dominant taxa include Cakile and Lathyrus. This Olson ecosystem type has subtype <<<BEACH_FOREDUNE_SHORELINE>>>.

11

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COASTHINTLND: 80 (coast hinterland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COAST_WETLAND_NE

Comprised of mixed wet/dry <COAST> such that the principal land part, whether mainland or <ISLAND>, is in the north-east quadrant of the <REGION> being characterized, having variable <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold, windy climate; coast wetland-north-east. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Elymus, Ammophila, and Uniola.

7

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CSTWETLND-NE: 66 (coast wetland-NE)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COAST_WETLAND_NW

Comprised of mixed wet/dry <COAST> such that the principal land part, whether mainland or <ISLAND>, is in the north-west quadrant of the <REGION> being characterized, having variable <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold, windy climate; coast wetland-north-west. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Elymus, Ammophila, and Uniola.

8

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CSTWETLND-NW: 65 (coast wetland-NW)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COAST_WETLAND_SE

Comprised of mixed wet/dry <COAST> such that the principal land part, whether mainland or <ISLAND>, is in the south-east quadrant of the <REGION> being characterized, having variable <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold, windy climate; coast wetland-south-east. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Elymus, Ammophila, and Uniola.

9

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CSTWETLND-SE: 67 (coast wetland-SE)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COAST_WETLAND_SW

Comprised of mixed wet/dry <COAST> such that the principal land part, whether mainland or <ISLAND>, is in the south-west quadrant of the <REGION> being characterized, having variable <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold, windy climate; coast wetland-south-west. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Elymus, Ammophila, and Uniola.

10

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CSTWETLND-SW: 68 (coast wetland-SW)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COLD_GRASSLAND

Comprised of browsed meadow/steppe, having annual top <VEGETATION> and a cold, windy, dry-wet climate; cold grassland. Dominant taxa include Calamogrostis, Elymus, Eriophorum, other herbs, and Azorella.

12

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COLDGRASSLND: 42 (cold grassland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COLD_IRRIGATED_CROP-
_LAND

Comprised of tilled/hay pastured fields, having some irrigated crop <VEGETATION> and a snowy, long winter climate; cold irrigated crop land. Dominant taxa include Solanum tuberosa (potato), and Brassica (cabbage).

13

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COLDIRRIGATD: 39 (cold irrigated crops)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COMPOUND_COAST

Comprised of a mixture of <<<HEATH_SCRUB>>>, <<<MANGROVE_FOREST_SCRUB>>>, <<<WATER_ISLAND_FRINGE>>>, <<<LAND_WATER_SHORE>>>, <<<LAND_WATER_RIVER>>> <<<CROP_LAND_WATER_MIXED>>>, <<<S_HMISPH_CONIFER>>>, <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>>, and/or the other subtypes of <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>>, having varied cover <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; compound coast.

14

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COMPOUNDCST: 85 (compound coast)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CONIFEROUS_FOREST

Comprised of very tall-to-low <FOREST>/woodland, having evergreen <TREE>/<SHRUB> <VEGETATION> and a hot-mild climate; coniferous forest. Dominant taxa include Pinus (taeda, palustris, elliotii, and caribaea) and Sequoia with <<<MIXED_FOREST>>>.

17

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CONIFOREST: 27 (conifer forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CONIFER_BOREAL_FOREST

Comprised of medium-low dense-open taiga, having narrow conifer <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; conifer boreal forest. Dominant taxa include Abies balsamea, Picea, and Pinus banksiana.

15

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CONIFRBOREAL: 21 (conifer boreal forest/wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CONIFER_COOL_RAINFOREST

Comprised of medium/tall <FOREST>, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a rainy/snowy climate; conifer cool rainforest. Dominant taxa include Picea sitkensis/rubra, Tsuga, Alnus/Betula, and Gaultheria.

26

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLRAINFRST: 20 (conifer cool rainforest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CONIFER_EVERGREEN_FOREST

Comprised of needle-leaf <FOREST>, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a warm-cold climate. Dominant taxa include Tsuga, Pinus, Picea, Abies, and Chamaecyparis.

16

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CONIFEVRGFST: 3 (conifer evergreen forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_CONIFER_FOREST

Comprised of low-to-tall <FOREST> and comprised of woodland, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool conifer forest. Dominant taxa include Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Picea, Abies, and Libocedrus.

19

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLCONIFRST: 22 (cool conifer forest/wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_CROP_LAND_TOWN

Comprised of <FARM>s with/without pasture and comprised of settlements, having summer crop <VEGETATION> and a snowy winter climate; cool crop land/town. Dominant taxa include spring grain, forage with or without <<<CORN_BEAN_CROP_LAND>>>, Poa, Agrostis, and Agropyron with <<<URBAN_SUBURBAN>>>.

20

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLCROPTOWN: 30 (cool crop/town)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_DECID_FOREST

Comprised of medium-tall <FOREST>, having cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a persistent snowy climate; cool deciduous forest. Dominant taxa include Acer, Quercus rubra, Quercus alba, and Fraxinus with or without Fagus.

18

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLDECDFRST: 25 (cool deciduous forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_FIELD_TREED_TRACT

Comprised of <CROP_LAND>/herb with <TREED_TRACT>/<SHRUB> covering 20-40 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having cold-deciduous/evergreen <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool field/treed tract. Crops cover no more than 60 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION>. Dominant taxa include Poa, Bromus, Quercus, Prunus, and Crataegus.

21

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLFIELDWDS: 55 (cool field wood/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_FOREST_FIELD

Comprised of <FOREST> with <CROP_LAND>/<SHRUB>/<GRASSLAND>, having mixed/cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool forest field. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Betula, Acer, and Amelanchier.

22

IR

[GEF1. Olson Ecosystem Type COOLFORSTFLD: 57 (cool forest field)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_GRASS_HERB_SHRUB

Comprised of mid-tall <GRASS>, herb, <SHRUB>, having annual foliage <VEGETATION> and a snowy, windy climate; cool grass herb/shrub. Dominant taxa include Bromus, Poa (C₃ <GRASS>), Trifolium, Andropogon, and Panicum.

23

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLGRASSHRB: 40 (cool grass herb/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_IRRIGATED_CROP-
_LAND

Comprised of tilled/hay pastured fields, having mostly irrigated crop <VEGETATION> and a snowy most winters climate; cool irrigated crop land. Dominant taxa include Beta vulgaris (sugar beets), grains, and forage.

24

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLIRRIGATD: 38 (cool irrigated crops)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_MIXED_FOREST

Comprised of medium/tall <FOREST>, having evergreen/cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Betula, Acer with/without Fagus, Pinus, Picea, Abies, and Tsuga.

25

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLMIXDFRST: 23 (cool mixed forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

COOL_S_HMISPH_MIXED-
_FOREST

Comprised of tall-to-low <FOREST>, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a cool-cold climate; cool southern hemisphere mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Nothofagus, Drimes winteri, Pilgerodendron, and Podocarpus.

27

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLSOHEMIXF: 54 (cool southern hemisphere mixed forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CORN_BEAN_CROP_LAND

Comprised of rowcrops: maize, soy, cover, having alternation <VEGETATION> with/without irrigation; corn/bean crop land. Dominant taxa include Zea maize, Gycine max (soy), Festuca, and Bromus.

28

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPCORNBEAN: 35 (crops: corn/bean)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CROP_LAND_GRASSLAND-
_SCRUB_LAND

Comprised of <FARM>, <GRASSLAND>, and/or <SCRUB_LAND>, having herbage <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot, wet-dry climate; crop land/grassland/scrub land. Dominant taxa are mosaics of other Olson ecosystem types.

31

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPGRASSHRB: 94 (crop grass/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CROP_LAND_TOWN

Comprised of <FARM>s with/without pasture and <TOWN>s, having crop mix <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot, wet-dry climate; crop land/town. Dominant taxa include winter grain, Gossypium, Sorghum, and Panicum with/without <<<CORN_BEAN_CROP_LAND>>>.

30

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPTOWN: 31 (crop/town)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

CROP_LAND_WATER_MIXED

Comprised of <CROP_LAND> with coast/<RIVER>/pond/<WETLAND>, having variable cover <VEGETATION> and a variable climate; crop land/water mixed. Dominant taxa include Calamogrostis, Phragmites with crop, and pasture.

29

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPWATERMIX: 76 (crop/water mix)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DECIDUOUS_TREE_CROP

Comprised of <FARM>s on which deciduous <TREE>s are cultivated; deciduous tree crop.

36

IR

[GEF1]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DECID_BROADLEAF_FOREST

Comprised of medium/tall <FOREST>, having cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; deciduous broadleaf forest. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Liriodendron, Magnolia, Acer, and Juglans with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED_TRACT>>>.

32

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BROADLFOREST: 26 (broadleaf forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED-
_TRACT

Comprised of broadleaf <FOREST>/woodland with <SHRUB>, having deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; deciduous broadleaf treed tract. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Celtis, and Populus.

33

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DECIDUBDLFWD: 5 (deciduous broadleaf wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DECID_CONIFER_FOREST

Comprised of needle-leaf <FOREST> with woodland, having deciduous <VEGETATION> and a generally cold climate; deciduous conifer forest. Dominant taxa include Larix (Taxodium is in <<<TREED_WETLAND>>>).

34

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CONIFDECIDWD: 4 (conifer deciduous wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DRY_EVERGREEN_BROADLEAF-
_TREED_TRACT

Comprised of woodland and low/dry <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry climate; dry evergreen broadleaf treed tract. Dominant taxa include Tecoma, Schinopsis, Aspidosperma, and Acacia (quebracho).

37

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODRYEVRGRN: 48 (wood dry evergreen broadleaf)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DRY_TREED_SCRUB_LAND

Comprised of <SHRUB> with/without low/open woodland, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry/cool-warm climate; dry treed scrub land. Dominant taxa include Juniperus and Pinus (cedulus, monosperma, and flexilis).

39

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRUBWOODRY: 47 (scrub wood dry)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

DRY_TROPICAL_TREED_TRACT

Comprised of woodland/low <FOREST> and C₄ <GRASS>, having drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot, dry climate; dry tropical treed tract. Dominant taxa include Prosopis, Cercidium, Aspidospermum, and Cedrela.

38

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DRYTROPICWDS: 32 (dry tropical wood/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

EVERGREEN_BROADLEAF-
_TREED_TRACT

Comprised of broadleaf <FOREST>/woodland, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm climate; evergreen broadleaf treed tract. Dominant taxa include Quercus virginiana, Persea, Magnolia, and Ilex.

40

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type EVERGRBDLFWD: 6 (evergreen broadleaf wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

EVERGREEN_FOREST_FIELD

Comprised of crop/herb, <SHRUB>, and/or <FOREST>, having evergreen conifer/broadleaf <VEGETATION>; evergreen forest/field. Dominant taxa include Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Sabal palmetto.

41

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type EVRGNFRSTFLD: 19 (evergreen forest/field)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

EVERGREEN_TREE_CROP

Comprised of <FARM>s on which evergreen <TREE>s are cultivated; evergreen tree crop.

42

IR

[GEF1]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

FIELD_TREED_SAVANNA

Comprised of <CROP_LAND>/herb with <FOREST>/<SHRUB> covering 20-40 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having deciduous/evergreen <VEGETATION> and a hot-cool climate; field/treed savanna. Dominant taxa include Festuca, Diospyros, Sassafras, and Cornus.

43

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type FIELDWDSAVNA: 58 (field/wood savanna)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

FOREST_FIELD

Comprised of <FOREST> with <CROP_LAND>/<SHRUB>/<GRASSLAND>, having mixed/deciduous <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; forest field. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Platanus, and Liquidambar.

44

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type FORESTFIELD: 56 (forest field)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

GLACIER_ICE

Comprised of Antarctic/mountain/sea <ICE>, having algae/lichen <VEGETATION> and a very cold climate; glacier ice. Dominant taxa include cryptogams (lichen and algae).

45

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GLACIERICE: 12 (glacier ice)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

GLACIER_ROCK

Comprised of Arctic/mountain <GLACIER> and/or <SNOW_GROUND_COVER>, having microbe/herb <VEGETATION> and a very cold climate; glacier rock.

46

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GLACIEROCK: 70 (glacier rock)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

GRASS_CROP_LAND

Comprised of cereal, hay greater than 60 percent cover with/without settlements, having annual tops <VEGETATION> and a cool-hot, wet-dry climate; grass crop land. Dominant taxa include Triticum (wheat), Avena (oats), Hordeum (barley), and Secale (rye).

47

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GRASSCROP: 93 (grass and crop)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

HEATH_SCRUB

Comprised of dwarf-tall scrub, acid <SOIL>, having evergreen-mixed <VEGETATION> and a mild-cold climate; heath scrub. Dominant taxa include Empetrum, Vaccinum, Calluna, Kalmia, and Rhododendron.

48

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type HEATHSCRUB: 64 (heath shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

HOT_MILD_GRASS_HERB-
_SHRUB

Comprised of prairie/pampas/rangeland, having mixed foliage (C₄) <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; hot-mild grass herb shrub. Dominant taxa include Bouteloua, Aristida, Setaria (C₄ <GRASS>) with/without <SHRUB>, and <TREE>s.

50

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type HOTMLDGRSHB: 41 (hot-mild grass herb shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

HOT_MILD_IRRIGATED_CROP-
_LAND

Comprised of tilled/pastured fields, having extensively irrigated crop <VEGETATION> and a climate with rare or no <SNOW_PRECIPITATION>; hot-mild irrigated crop land. Dominant taxa include Gossypium (cotton) and Saccharum officinarium (sugar cane).

49

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type HOTIRRIGATED: 37 (hot-mild irrigated crop)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

IRRIGATED_CROP_GRASSLAND

Comprised of farm rangeland with irrigated <CROP_LAND>, having herbage <VEGETATION> and a dry, hot-cold climate; irrigated crop grassland. Dominant taxa include Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Sorghum, Triticum, and Bromus.

52

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type IRRIGCRASSLD: 10 (irrigated crop grassland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

LAND_WATER_RIVER

Comprised of alluvial mix, <RIVER>, and <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water river. Dominant taxa include Ambrosia, Salix, Populus, Acer, Ulmus, and Platanus.

53

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LNDWTR{IVER}: 75 (land/water river)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

LAND_WATER_SHORE

Comprised of lake/<WETLAND> with marginal <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water shore. Dominant taxa include plankton, Scirpus, and Typha.

54

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LANDWATRSHRE: 74 (land/water shore)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

LOW_SPARSE_GRASSLAND

Comprised of steppe, herb with/without sparse woody <VEGETATION>, having shortgrass/<HUMMOCK> <VEGETATION> and a dry/cold climate; low/sparse grassland. Dominant taxa include Bouteloua, Buchlöe, Stipa, Sporobolus, and Opuntia.

55

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LOWSPRSGRASS: 2 (low/sparse grassland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MANGROVE_FOREST_SCRUB

Comprised of <FOREST>/scrub and comprised of tidal flat, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot climate; mangrove forest scrub. Dominant taxa include Rhizophora, Avicenna, and Hibiscus.

56

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MANGROVE: 72 (mangrove forest scrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MARSHY_WETLAND

Comprised of graminoid/herb with/without <SHRUB>/<TREE>, having mixed <VEGETATION> and a marine or cold-hot climate; marshy wetland. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Juncus, Scirpus, Salicornia, and Hibiscus with <<<TREED_WETLAND>>>.

57

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MARSWETLAND: 45 (marshy wetland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MEDITERRANEAN_SCRUB-
_LAND

Comprised of scrub with/without wood/<GRASSLAND>, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a winter rain/dry summer climate; Mediterranean scrub land. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Cercocarpus, Adenostema, Ceanothus, and Baccharis.

58

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MEDITERRANSC: 46 (Mediterranean scrub/wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MIRE_BOG_FEN

Comprised of sphagnum/graminoid with dwarfshrub, having evergreen/cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; mire bog/fen. Dominant taxa include Sphagnum, Carex, Ledum, Eriophorum, Rhus, and Picea with <<<MIXED_DECID_BOREAL>>>.

59

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIRE:BOGFEN: 44 (mire: bog/fen)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MIXED_DECID_BOREAL

Comprised of medium-low <FOREST>/woodland (Larix greater than 20 percent), having deciduous-mixed taiga <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; mixed deciduous boreal. Dominant taxa include Larix, Abies, and Pinus siberica.

35

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DECIDUMIXBOR: 61 (mixed deciduous boreal)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MIXED_FOREST

Comprised of low-medium <FOREST>/woodland, having conifer/broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Liquidambar, Pinus, and Juniperus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_FOREST>>>.

60

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFOREST: 24 (mixed forest/woodland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MIXED_FOREST_FIELD

Comprised of low-to-tall <FOREST> with/without <CROP_LAND>/<GRASSLAND>, having cold-deciduous with evergreen <VEGETATION> and a with/without <SNOW_PRECIPITATION> climate; mixed forest/field. Mixed forest/field has deciduous and/or evergreen broadleaf <TREE>s and <SHRUB>s alternating with the conifers. Crops and <GRASS>, if any, might cover up to 40-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, but usually much less or none at all. Dominant taxa include Acer, Tilia, Quercus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED_TRACT>>>, Pinus, and Tsuga with <<<CONIFER_BOREAL_FOREST>>>.

61

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFRSTFLD: 18 (mixed forest/field)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MOIST_EUCALYPT_FOREST

Comprised of medium open Eucalypt <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; moist eucalypt forest. Dominant taxa include Eucalyptus and Acacia.

62

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MOISTEUCALPT: 89 (moist eucalypt forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

MONTANE_TROPICAL_COMPLEX

Comprised of montane medium-low woods/herbs, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm, wet climate; montane tropical complex. Dominant taxa include Eugenia, Brunellia, Clusia, Castilloa, Tipuana, and Myoxylon.

63

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MONTROPICAL: 28 (montane tropical complex)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

NARROW_CONIFER_MIX

Comprised of dense/sparse <TREE>/<SHRUB>/herb, having evergreen/mixed <VEGETATION> and a subpolar/mountain climate; narrow conifer mix. Dominant taxa include Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Juniperus.

64

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type NARROWCONIFR: 62 (narrow conifer mix)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

POLAR_ALPINE_DESERT

Comprised of barren <ROCK> and polar/alpine <DESERT_REGION>, having lichen <VEGETATION> and an extreme cold, dry climate. Dominant taxa include Draba, Dryas, Cassiope, Luzula nivalis, and Poa arctica.

65

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type POLALPDESERT: 69 (polar alpine desert)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

RAIN_GREEN_TROPICAL-
_FOREST

Comprised of medium <FOREST>, closed-open with drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot, moist climate; rain green tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Shorea robusta, Tectonia grandis, and Xylia dolobriformis.

66

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RAINGRNTRFST: 90 (rain green tropical forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

RESIDUAL_DUNES_BEACH

Comprised of residual <SAND_DUNE>s with fields, having varied cover <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; residual dunes beach.

67

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RESIDUNEBCH: 84 (residual dune beach)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

RICE_PADDY_FIELD

Comprised of plain or terrace paddies, having 1-3 crops per year <VEGETATION> with irrigation; rice paddy/field. Dominant taxa include Oryza sativa (rice), other C₄ and/or C₃ metabolic type crops, gardens, with/without <TREE>s.

68

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RICEPADDYFLD: 36 (rice: paddy/field)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

ROCK_CLIFF_SLOPE

Comprised of shore/montane/sparse cover, having varied <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; rock cliff/slope. Dominant taxa include Arctostaphylos, Vaccinium, Juniperus with lichens, and herbs.

69

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type ROCKCLIFFSLP: 86 (rock cliff/slope)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SALT_SODA_PLAYA_BASIN

Comprised of saline/soda desert basins, having halophyte dry lake <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; salt-soda playa basin. Dominant taxa include Salicornia, Atriplex, Suedia, Sarcobatus, and Distlichus.

72

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SALTPLAYA: 71 (salt-soda playa basin)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SAND_DESERT

Comprised of blowing <SAND_DUNE>s and flats, having patchy oasis seepage <VEGETATION> and a windy climate; sand desert. Dominant taxa include Oryzopsis, Yucca, Artemisia filifolia, and Andropogon.

73

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SANDESERT: 50 (sand desert)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SAND_GRASS_SHRUB

Comprised of sandy steppe herb/<SHRUB>, having mixed <VEGETATION> and a dry, hot-cold, windy climate; sand grass/shrub. Dominant taxa include Calamovilfa, Oryzopsis, Redfieldia, Artemisia, and Bouteloua.

74

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SANDGRASSHRB: 87 (sand grass/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SAVANNA_TREED_TRACT

Comprised of <GRASSLAND> under open <TREED_TRACT>/<SHRUB> covering 10-30 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having broadleaf/conifer <VEGETATION> and a dry-moist climate; savanna treed tract. Dominant taxa include Paspalum, Andropogon, Vellozia, Mauritia, Tecoma, and Bombax.

75

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SAVANNATREE: 43 (savanna tree/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SEASONAL_TROPICAL_FOREST

Comprised of medium <FOREST> with/without plantation, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a hot, seasonal moist climate; seasonal tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Ceiba, Tabebuia, Manilkara, Buchenavia, Bombax, and Ocotea.

77

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEASONTROPIC: 29 (seasonal tropical forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SEMI_DESERT_SAGE

Comprised of <SHRUB>-steppe sparse range, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a cool-cold climate; semi-desert sage. Dominant taxa include Artemisia, Eurotia, Chrysothamnus, and Kochia.

79

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDSRTSAGE: 52 (semidesert sage)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SEMI_DESERT_SHRUB

Comprised of sparse <SHRUB>s and xerophytes, having mixed green <VEGETATION> and a hot-cool climate; semi-desert shrub. Dominant taxa include Larrea, Fouquieria, Coleogyne, Acacia, and Prosopis.

80

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDSRTSHRB: 51 (semidesert shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SEMI_DESERT_SHRUB_TREE

Comprised of sparse <SHRUB> with/without herb/<TREE>, having spring/ephemeral green <VEGETATION> and a dry climate; semi-desert shrub/tree. Dominant taxa include Tamarix, Sarcobatus, Carnegia, Grayia, Ephedra, and Sitanion.

78

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDESRTREE: 11 (semidesert shrub/tree)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SHRUB_DECIDUOUS

Comprised of sparse-dense <SHRUB>, having cold-deciduous/drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a moist climate. Dominant taxa include Diplacus, Salvia, Encelia, Quercus, Lepechinia, and Rhus.

81

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRBDECDUOUS: 17 shrub deciduous)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SHRUB_EVERGREEN

Comprised of sparse <SHRUB> with/without low <TREE>, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot/wet-dry climate. Dominant taxa include Juniperus, Artemisia, Arctostaphylos, and Ilex.

82

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRUBEVERGRN: 16 (shrub evergreen)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SMALL_LEAF_MIXED_TREED-
_TRACT

Comprised of low-medium taiga-edge/groves, having cold-deciduous with/without conifer <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; small leaf mixed treed tract. Dominant taxa include Betula, Populus, Salix, and Alnus.

83

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SMALFMIXWOOD: 60 (small leaf mix wood)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SPARSE_DUNE_BUILDER

Comprised of varied dunebuilding <PLANT>s, having pioneer <VEGETATION> and blowout <SAND_DUNE>s; sparse dune builder. Dominant taxa include Calamovilfa, Panicum, Andropogon, Populus, and Tilia.

84

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SPRSDUNEBLDR: 82 (sparse dune builder)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

SUCCULENT_THORN_SCRUB

Comprised of succulent/thorn <SHRUB>/<TREE>, having deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-mild, dry climate; succulent thorn scrub. Dominant taxa include Opuntia, Yucca, Agave, Acacia, Cavanillesia, and Zizyphus.

85

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SUCTHORNSCRB: 59 (succulent thorn scrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

S_HMISPH_CONIFER

Comprised of tall-medium rainforest, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a mild-cool climate; southern hemisphere conifer. Dominant taxa include Podocarp and Auraucaria families.

70

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SOHEMISCONIF: 77 (southern hemisphere conifer)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

S_HMISPH_MIXED_FOREST

Comprised of medium/tall rainforest with/without conifer, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm climate; southern hemisphere mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Nothofagus, Fitzroya, Persea, and Crinodendron.

71

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SOHEMISMIXFR: 78 (southern hemisphere mixed forest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TALLGRASS_HERB_SHRUB

Comprised of tall <GRASS> with/without woody/crops, having annual foliage <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; tallgrass herb/shrub. Dominant taxa include Andropogon, Sorghastrum, Panicum, and Prunus.

86

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TALLGRASSHRB: 7 (tallgrass herb/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TREED_SAVANNA

Comprised of C₄ <GRASS> with woodland/low <FOREST> covering 30-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having deciduous-evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry-wet climate; treed savanna. Dominant taxa include Tristachys, Imperata, Ficus, Chlorophora, and Fragaria.

96

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODYSAVANNA: 91 (woody savanna)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TREED_TUNDRA

Comprised of timberline <TREE>/scrub/herb, having evergreen-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; treed tundra. Dominant taxa include Abies lasiocarpa, Picea, Pinus monticola, and Pinus longaeva.

94

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODEDTUNDRA: 63 (wooded tundra/paramo)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TREED_WETLAND

Comprised of <TREE>/<SHRUB> over wetland herbs, having evergreen/deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; treed wetland. Dominant taxa include Salix, Acer, Nyssa, Taxodium, Thuja, and Cephelanthus.

95

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODWETSWAMP: 13 (woody wetland swamp)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TROPICAL_DEGRADED_FOREST

Comprised of medium-to-low opened <FOREST>/woodland, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot climate; tropical degraded forest. Dominant taxa include Cecropia, Didymopanax, Curatella, and plantations. Tropical degraded forest results from cutting either <<<SEASONAL_TROPICAL_FOREST>>> or <<<TROPICAL_RAINFOREST>>>, with insufficient time for recovery.

87

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TROPDBGRADWD: 34 (tropical degraded wood/shrub)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

TROPICAL_RAINFOREST

Comprised of tall-medium closed, multilayer <FOREST>, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot, wet climate; tropical rainforest. Dominant taxa include Swietena, Bertholletia, Hevea, Dacryodes, Sloanea, and Cordia.

88

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TROPRAINFRST: 33 (tropical rainforest)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

UPLAND_TUNDRA

Comprised of dwarf-tall herb, <SHRUB>, cushion, having sparse <VEGETATION> and a strong frost, windy climate; upland tundra. Dominant taxa include Kobresia, Poa, and Salix nana.

89

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type UPLNDTNDRA: 9 (upland tundra/paramo)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

URBAN_SUBURBAN

Comprised of construction and of lawn with/without <PARK>s, having plantings and weeds <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot climate; urban suburban. Dominant taxa include Poa, Festuca, Cynodon, Ulmus, Populus, and Ailanthus.

90

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type URBAN: 1 (urban, suburban)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

VOLCANIC_ROCK_ASH

Comprised of sparse <PLANT>s on lava/ash, having patchy <VEGETATION> and an equatorial-subarctic climate; volcanic rock/ash. Dominant taxa include Pisonia, Psidium, Saccharum, ferns, lichens, and algae.

91

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type VOLCANICROCK: 49 (volcanic rock/ash)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

WATER_INLAND

Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without emergents, having seasonal blooms <VEGETATION> and a variable climate; water inland. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without emergents.

51

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERINLAND: 14 (water inland)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

WATER_ISLAND_FRINGE

Comprised of submergible and other complex, having successional <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; water island fringe. Dominant taxa include Ipomea, Cocos nucifera, Juniperus, and Acrocaria.

92

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATRISLFRNGE: 73 (water isle fringe)]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

WATER_SEA

Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without kelp and comprised of reefs, having year-round growth <VEGETATION> and a with/without ice climate; water [sea]. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without kelp, and reefs.

76

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERSEA: 15 (water [sea])]

STD
2005/06/07

ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

WET_SCLEROPHYL_FOREST

Comprised of tall open Eucalypt <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild, wet climate; wet sclerophyl forest. Dominant taxa include Eucalyptus (regnans, obliqua, and diversicolor).

93

IR

[GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WETSCLEROPHL: 79 (wet sclerophyl forest)]

EA: ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON