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EA:  ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON

Status: STD 2005/06/07
Code: 321
Concept definition: The type of an ecosystem in the Global Ecosystem Framework based on a combination of land cover, floristic properties, climate, and physiognomy; ecosystem type Olson.
 
Attribute value type: ENUMERATION
Reference type: IR
Reference: [GEF1]
Supplemental references:  
Enumerants (presented in a natural order)
Status Attribute label Enumerant label Concept definition ▾ Code Ref type Reference Supplemental references
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COAST_HINTERLAND Comprised of <BEACH>/<SAND_DUNE>/<ROCK>/slope, having variable <VEGETATION> and a marine climate; coast hinterland. Dominant taxa include Cakile and Lathyrus. This Olson ecosystem type has subtype <<<BEACH_FOREDUNE_SHORELINE>>>. 11 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COASTHINTLND: 80 (coast hinterland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON CROP_LAND_WATER_MIXED Comprised of <CROP_LAND> with coast/<RIVER>/pond/<WETLAND>, having variable cover <VEGETATION> and a variable climate; crop land/water mixed. Dominant taxa include Calamogrostis, Phragmites with crop, and pasture. 29 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPWATERMIX: 76 (crop/water mix)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON FIELD_TREED_SAVANNA Comprised of <CROP_LAND>/herb with <FOREST>/<SHRUB> covering 20-40 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having deciduous/evergreen <VEGETATION> and a hot-cool climate; field/treed savanna. Dominant taxa include Festuca, Diospyros, Sassafras, and Cornus. 43 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type FIELDWDSAVNA: 58 (field/wood savanna)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COOL_FIELD_TREED_TRACT Comprised of <CROP_LAND>/herb with <TREED_TRACT>/<SHRUB> covering 20-40 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having cold-deciduous/evergreen <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool field/treed tract. Crops cover no more than 60 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION>. Dominant taxa include Poa, Bromus, Quercus, Prunus, and Crataegus. 21 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLFIELDWDS: 55 (cool field wood/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON CROP_LAND_GRASSLAND-
_SCRUB_LAND		 Comprised of <FARM>, <GRASSLAND>, and/or <SCRUB_LAND>, having herbage <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot, wet-dry climate; crop land/grassland/scrub land. Dominant taxa are mosaics of other Olson ecosystem types. 31 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPGRASSHRB: 94 (crop grass/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON DECIDUOUS_TREE_CROP Comprised of <FARM>s on which deciduous <TREE>s are cultivated; deciduous tree crop. 36 IR [GEF1]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON EVERGREEN_TREE_CROP Comprised of <FARM>s on which evergreen <TREE>s are cultivated; evergreen tree crop. 42 IR [GEF1]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON CROP_LAND_TOWN Comprised of <FARM>s with/without pasture and <TOWN>s, having crop mix <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot, wet-dry climate; crop land/town. Dominant taxa include winter grain, Gossypium, Sorghum, and Panicum with/without <<<CORN_BEAN_CROP_LAND>>>. 30 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CROPTOWN: 31 (crop/town)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COOL_CROP_LAND_TOWN Comprised of <FARM>s with/without pasture and comprised of settlements, having summer crop <VEGETATION> and a snowy winter climate; cool crop land/town. Dominant taxa include spring grain, forage with or without <<<CORN_BEAN_CROP_LAND>>>, Poa, Agrostis, and Agropyron with <<<URBAN_SUBURBAN>>>. 20 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLCROPTOWN: 30 (cool crop/town)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COOL_FOREST_FIELD Comprised of <FOREST> with <CROP_LAND>/<SHRUB>/<GRASSLAND>, having mixed/cold-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool forest field. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Betula, Acer, and Amelanchier. 22 IR [GEF1. Olson Ecosystem Type COOLFORSTFLD: 57 (cool forest field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON FOREST_FIELD Comprised of <FOREST> with <CROP_LAND>/<SHRUB>/<GRASSLAND>, having mixed/deciduous <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; forest field. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Platanus, and Liquidambar. 44 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type FORESTFIELD: 56 (forest field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MANGROVE_FOREST_SCRUB Comprised of <FOREST>/scrub and comprised of tidal flat, having evergreen broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a hot climate; mangrove forest scrub. Dominant taxa include Rhizophora, Avicenna, and Hibiscus. 56 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MANGROVE: 72 (mangrove forest scrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SAVANNA_TREED_TRACT Comprised of <GRASSLAND> under open <TREED_TRACT>/<SHRUB> covering 10-30 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having broadleaf/conifer <VEGETATION> and a dry-moist climate; savanna treed tract. Dominant taxa include Paspalum, Andropogon, Vellozia, Mauritia, Tecoma, and Bombax. 75 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SAVANNATREE: 43 (savanna tree/shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WATER_INLAND Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without emergents, having seasonal blooms <VEGETATION> and a variable climate; water inland. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without emergents. 51 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERINLAND: 14 (water inland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON WATER_SEA Comprised of <PLANKTON> with/without kelp and comprised of reefs, having year-round growth <VEGETATION> and a with/without ice climate; water [sea]. Dominant taxa include <PLANKTON> with/without kelp, and reefs. 76 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WATERSEA: 15 (water [sea])]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON DRY_TREED_SCRUB_LAND Comprised of <SHRUB> with/without low/open woodland, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry/cool-warm climate; dry treed scrub land. Dominant taxa include Juniperus and Pinus (cedulus, monosperma, and flexilis). 39 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SHRUBWOODRY: 47 (scrub wood dry)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEMI_DESERT_SAGE Comprised of <SHRUB>-steppe sparse range, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a cool-cold climate; semi-desert sage. Dominant taxa include Artemisia, Eurotia, Chrysothamnus, and Kochia. 79 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEMIDSRTSAGE: 52 (semidesert sage)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TREED_WETLAND Comprised of <TREE>/<SHRUB> over wetland herbs, having evergreen/deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; treed wetland. Dominant taxa include Salix, Acer, Nyssa, Taxodium, Thuja, and Cephelanthus. 95 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODWETSWAMP: 13 (woody wetland swamp)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COMPOUND_COAST Comprised of a mixture of <<<HEATH_SCRUB>>>, <<<MANGROVE_FOREST_SCRUB>>>, <<<WATER_ISLAND_FRINGE>>>, <<<LAND_WATER_SHORE>>>, <<<LAND_WATER_RIVER>>> <<<CROP_LAND_WATER_MIXED>>>, <<<S_HMISPH_CONIFER>>>, <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>>, and/or the other subtypes of <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>>, having varied cover <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; compound coast. 14 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COMPOUNDCST: 85 (compound coast)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON LAND_WATER_RIVER Comprised of alluvial mix, <RIVER>, and <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water river. Dominant taxa include Ambrosia, Salix, Populus, Acer, Ulmus, and Platanus. 53 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LNDWTR{IVER}: 75 (land/water river)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON GLACIER_ICE Comprised of Antarctic/mountain/sea <ICE>, having algae/lichen <VEGETATION> and a very cold climate; glacier ice. Dominant taxa include cryptogams (lichen and algae). 45 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GLACIERICE: 12 (glacier ice)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON GLACIER_ROCK Comprised of Arctic/mountain <GLACIER> and/or <SNOW_GROUND_COVER>, having microbe/herb <VEGETATION> and a very cold climate; glacier rock. 46 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GLACIEROCK: 70 (glacier rock)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON POLAR_ALPINE_DESERT Comprised of barren <ROCK> and polar/alpine <DESERT_REGION>, having lichen <VEGETATION> and an extreme cold, dry climate. Dominant taxa include Draba, Dryas, Cassiope, Luzula nivalis, and Poa arctica. 65 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type POLALPDESERT: 69 (polar alpine desert)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SAND_DESERT Comprised of blowing <SAND_DUNE>s and flats, having patchy oasis seepage <VEGETATION> and a windy climate; sand desert. Dominant taxa include Oryzopsis, Yucca, Artemisia filifolia, and Andropogon. 73 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SANDESERT: 50 (sand desert)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED-
_TRACT		 Comprised of broadleaf <FOREST>/woodland with <SHRUB>, having deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; deciduous broadleaf treed tract. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Fraxinus, Ulmus, Celtis, and Populus. 33 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DECIDUBDLFWD: 5 (deciduous broadleaf wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON EVERGREEN_BROADLEAF-
_TREED_TRACT		 Comprised of broadleaf <FOREST>/woodland, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-warm climate; evergreen broadleaf treed tract. Dominant taxa include Quercus virginiana, Persea, Magnolia, and Ilex. 40 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type EVERGRBDLFWD: 6 (evergreen broadleaf wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COLD_GRASSLAND Comprised of browsed meadow/steppe, having annual top <VEGETATION> and a cold, windy, dry-wet climate; cold grassland. Dominant taxa include Calamogrostis, Elymus, Eriophorum, other herbs, and Azorella. 12 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COLDGRASSLND: 42 (cold grassland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON TREED_SAVANNA Comprised of C4 <GRASS> with woodland/low <FOREST> covering 30-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, having deciduous-evergreen <VEGETATION> and a dry-wet climate; treed savanna. Dominant taxa include Tristachys, Imperata, Ficus, Chlorophora, and Fragaria. 96 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type WOODYSAVANNA: 91 (woody savanna)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON GRASS_CROP_LAND Comprised of cereal, hay greater than 60 percent cover with/without settlements, having annual tops <VEGETATION> and a cool-hot, wet-dry climate; grass crop land. Dominant taxa include Triticum (wheat), Avena (oats), Hordeum (barley), and Secale (rye). 47 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type GRASSCROP: 93 (grass and crop)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON URBAN_SUBURBAN Comprised of construction and of lawn with/without <PARK>s, having plantings and weeds <VEGETATION> and a cold-hot climate; urban suburban. Dominant taxa include Poa, Festuca, Cynodon, Ulmus, Populus, and Ailanthus. 90 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type URBAN: 1 (urban, suburban)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON EVERGREEN_FOREST_FIELD Comprised of crop/herb, <SHRUB>, and/or <FOREST>, having evergreen conifer/broadleaf <VEGETATION>; evergreen forest/field. Dominant taxa include Pinus, Pseudotsuga, and Sabal palmetto. 41 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type EVRGNFRSTFLD: 19 (evergreen forest/field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON NARROW_CONIFER_MIX Comprised of dense/sparse <TREE>/<SHRUB>/herb, having evergreen/mixed <VEGETATION> and a subpolar/mountain climate; narrow conifer mix. Dominant taxa include Abies, Picea, Pinus, and Juniperus. 64 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type NARROWCONIFR: 62 (narrow conifer mix)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON BARREN_TUNDRA Comprised of dwarf herb, <SHRUB>, moss, lichen, having variable <VEGETATION> and a cold permafrost climate; barren tundra. Dominant taxa include Oxyria, Alopecuris, Carex, and Eriophorum. 4 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type TUNDRABARREN: 53 (tundra barren arctic)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON UPLAND_TUNDRA Comprised of dwarf-tall herb, <SHRUB>, cushion, having sparse <VEGETATION> and a strong frost, windy climate; upland tundra. Dominant taxa include Kobresia, Poa, and Salix nana. 89 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type UPLNDTNDRA: 9 (upland tundra/paramo)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON HEATH_SCRUB Comprised of dwarf-tall scrub, acid <SOIL>, having evergreen-mixed <VEGETATION> and a mild-cold climate; heath scrub. Dominant taxa include Empetrum, Vaccinum, Calluna, Kalmia, and Rhododendron. 48 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type HEATHSCRUB: 64 (heath shrub)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON BARE_DESERT Comprised of ephemeral/sparse xerophytes, having low cover <VEGETATION> and an extreme drought hot-cold climate; bare desert. Dominant taxa include Salsola, Ambrosia, Cordylanthus, Lactuca, and Capparis. 3 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BAREDESERT: 8 (bare desert)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON IRRIGATED_CROP_GRASSLAND Comprised of farm rangeland with irrigated <CROP_LAND>, having herbage <VEGETATION> and a dry, hot-cold climate; irrigated crop grassland. Dominant taxa include Medicago sativa (alfalfa), Sorghum, Triticum, and Bromus. 52 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type IRRIGCRASSLD: 10 (irrigated crop grassland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MARSHY_WETLAND Comprised of graminoid/herb with/without <SHRUB>/<TREE>, having mixed <VEGETATION> and a marine or cold-hot climate; marshy wetland. Dominant taxa include Spartina, Juncus, Scirpus, Salicornia, and Hibiscus with <<<TREED_WETLAND>>>. 57 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MARSWETLAND: 45 (marshy wetland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON LAND_WATER_SHORE Comprised of lake/<WETLAND> with marginal <PLANT>s, having varied foliage <VEGETATION> and a varied climate; land/water shore. Dominant taxa include plankton, Scirpus, and Typha. 54 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type LANDWATRSHRE: 74 (land/water shore)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON BROADLEAF_CROP_LAND Comprised of leafy rowcrops with/without <GRASS> and comprised of woody <VEGETATION>, having annual tops <VEGETATION> and a hot-cold climate; broadleaf crop land. Dominant taxa include Arachis (peanut), Solanum, Vitis (grape), and Humulus (hop). 6 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BROADLEAFCROP: 92 (broadleaf crops)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON BEACH_FOREDUNE_SHORELINE Comprised of low linear <SAND_DUNE>s, having pioneer <VEGETATION> and a wind-swept, storm-swept climate; beach foredune shoreline. Dominant taxa include Uniola, Elymus (Leymus), Ammophila, Andropogon, and Prunus. This Olson ecosystem type is a subtype of <<<COAST_HINTERLAND>>> that averages 0 to 3 metres above sea level in a <REGION> with an <<AREA>> of one square kilometre. Beach foredune shoreline can be more specifically separated into <<<SPARSE_DUNE_BUILDER>>>, <<<BARE_COAST_DUNE>>>, <<<RESIDUAL_DUNES_BEACH>>>, <<<COMPOUND_COAST>>>, and/or <<<ROCK_CLIFF_SLOPE>>>. 5 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type BEACHFORDUNE: 81 (beach fore-dune)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_FOREST Comprised of low-medium <FOREST>/woodland, having conifer/broadleaf <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; mixed forest. Dominant taxa include Quercus, Carya, Liquidambar, Pinus, and Juniperus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_FOREST>>>. 60 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFOREST: 24 (mixed forest/woodland)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SMALL_LEAF_MIXED_TREED-
_TRACT		 Comprised of low-medium taiga-edge/groves, having cold-deciduous with/without conifer <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; small leaf mixed treed tract. Dominant taxa include Betula, Populus, Salix, and Alnus. 83 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SMALFMIXWOOD: 60 (small leaf mix wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON COOL_CONIFER_FOREST Comprised of low-to-tall <FOREST> and comprised of woodland, having evergreen conifer <VEGETATION> and a snowy climate; cool conifer forest. Dominant taxa include Pinus, Pseudotsuga, Picea, Abies, and Libocedrus. 19 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type COOLCONIFRST: 22 (cool conifer forest/wood)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_FOREST_FIELD Comprised of low-to-tall <FOREST> with/without <CROP_LAND>/<GRASSLAND>, having cold-deciduous with evergreen <VEGETATION> and a with/without <SNOW_PRECIPITATION> climate; mixed forest/field. Mixed forest/field has deciduous and/or evergreen broadleaf <TREE>s and <SHRUB>s alternating with the conifers. Crops and <GRASS>, if any, might cover up to 40-50 percent of the <<AREA>> of the <REGION> being characterized, but usually much less or none at all. Dominant taxa include Acer, Tilia, Quercus with <<<DECID_BROADLEAF_TREED_TRACT>>>, Pinus, and Tsuga with <<<CONIFER_BOREAL_FOREST>>>. 61 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MIXEDFRSTFLD: 18 (mixed forest/field)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON SEASONAL_TROPICAL_FOREST Comprised of medium <FOREST> with/without plantation, having evergreen <VEGETATION> and a hot, seasonal moist climate; seasonal tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Ceiba, Tabebuia, Manilkara, Buchenavia, Bombax, and Ocotea. 77 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type SEASONTROPIC: 29 (seasonal tropical forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON RAIN_GREEN_TROPICAL-
_FOREST		 Comprised of medium <FOREST>, closed-open with drought-deciduous <VEGETATION> and a hot, moist climate; rain green tropical forest. Dominant taxa include Shorea robusta, Tectonia grandis, and Xylia dolobriformis. 66 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type RAINGRNTRFST: 90 (rain green tropical forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MOIST_EUCALYPT_FOREST Comprised of medium open Eucalypt <FOREST>, having broadleaf evergreen <VEGETATION> and a mild-hot climate; moist eucalypt forest. Dominant taxa include Eucalyptus and Acacia. 62 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type MOISTEUCALPT: 89 (moist eucalypt forest)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON MIXED_DECID_BOREAL Comprised of medium-low <FOREST>/woodland (Larix greater than 20 percent), having deciduous-mixed taiga <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; mixed deciduous boreal. Dominant taxa include Larix, Abies, and Pinus siberica. 35 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type DECIDUMIXBOR: 61 (mixed deciduous boreal)]  
STD
2005/06/07		 ECOSYSTEM_TYPE_OLSON CONIFER_BOREAL_FOREST Comprised of medium-low dense-open taiga, having narrow conifer <VEGETATION> and a cold climate; conifer boreal forest. Dominant taxa include Abies balsamea, Picea, and Pinus banksiana. 15 IR [GEF1, Olson Ecosystem Type CONIFRBOREAL: 21 (conifer boreal forest/wood)]  
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